Generation, Patenting And Exploitation Of Inventions In Selected Academic Disciplines In Nigeria
Keywords:
University, research, invention, industry, patent, royalty, NigeriaAbstract
This paper presents the result of a study on generation, patenting and exploitation of inventions in three academic disciplines in Nigerian universities and three research institutes. The study involved 30 researchers and 15 departments/faculties in seven universities as well as three research institutes and 15 industrial firms. The result indicated that some inventions/research breakthroughs had been generated in Nigerian universities and research institutes, but few of these had been patented. Most of the researchers were ignorant of matters relating to patents and government statutes on ownership of patents that may be generated from government-sponsored researches. The researchers did not consult patent documents as basis for further research. The promotion of technological entrepreneurial culture within the institutions/institutes, offering of part-ownership of patents to researchers and the institutions/institutes, and provision of patent education in the universities are recommended, to address the problems in the institutions.
References
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Papon, P. and Barré, R. “Science and technology systems: a global overview”, World Science Report, 8 - 22, 1996.
Reich, R.B. “The quiet path to technological pre-eminence”, Scientific American, 261: 4 41-47, 1989.
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) “United Nations Systems Support Science and Technology in Africa”, Geneva, 1994.
USDC (US Department of Commerce) “The Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986: The First Two Years, Report of the President to the Congress”, US Department of Commerce, 1989.
Wallmark, J.T. Inventions and patents at universities: the case of Chalmers University of Technology, Technovation, 17 (3) 127-139, 1997.
Wambebe, C. “NIPRISAN Case, Nigeria”. A Report for GenBenefit (2007), Available at: http://www.uclan.ac.uk/schools/school_of_health/research_projects/files/health_genbenefit_nigerian_case.pdf Accessed July 25, 2011.
White, R.S. and Liu, X. (1997) "The relative contributions of foreign technology and domestic inputs to innovation in Chinese manufacturing industries”, Technovation, 17 (3) 119-125, 1997.
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation) “The importance of technological information contained in patent documents for use in research and development activities; WIPO Information Services for Developing Countries”. Paper presented at the National Seminar on Commercialisation of Inventions and Research and Development Results, Abuja, November 25 - 27, 1997.
--------- “Guidelines on Developing Intellectual Property Policy for Universities and R&D Institutions in African Countries”, Publication No. 848(E), Geneva. Available at http://www.wipo.int
--------- “A Brochure on Intellectual Property Rights for Universities and R&D Institutions in African Countries”, Publication No. 849(E), Geneva. Available at http://www.wipo.int
--------- “Basic Facts about the Patent Cooperation Treaty”, Publication No. 433 (E), Geneva. Available at http://www.wipo.int 1999.
--------- “Best Practices NOTAP - Assisting SMEs to Make Effective Use of Patent Information: The NOTAP Case” Available at: http://www.wipo.int/sme/en/best_practices/notap.htm
Arai, H. (1999) Intellectual Property Policies for the Twenty-First Century: The Japanese Experience in Wealth Creation, Available at http://www.wipo.int (Accessed March 2, 2004).
Arnold, W. K. M. “Patents in the Field of Biotechnology: A Short Guide for Inventors and Administrators”. Second Edition, 1996, Available at: http://www.ipmall.fplc.edu/hosted_resources/pubspapers/arnoldbook_eng.htm (Accessed August 20, 2006).
Bindir, U. “Intellectual Property, Crucial to Economic Development”. Leadership Newspapers Group, Abuja, Tuesday, July 5, 2011, Available at http://www.leadership.ng/nga/articles/1487/2011/07/05/intellectual_property_crucial_economic_devt_%E2%80%93_bindir.html (Accessed July 10, 2011).
Bremer, H. W. “The First Two Decades of the Bayh-Dole Act as Public Policy”, Presentation to National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, Nov. 11, 2001, Washington, D.C. Available at http://www.nasulgc.org/COTT/Bayh-Dohl/Bremer_speech.htm (Accessed July 25, 2011).
CIPO (Canadian Intellectual Property Office) “A Guide to Patents”, Available at: http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/Iu71-4-3-2006E.pdf (Accessed June 1, 2006).
Dorf, R.C. “Models for Technology Transfer from Universities and Research Laboratories”, Technology Management Publication, 302-312, 1988.
DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) (2003) “Innovation Report Competing in the global economy: the innovation challenge”. Available at http://www.dti.gov.uk/ (Accessed June 17, 2011).
Essien, O. E. “The experience of using the Intellectual Property System by a National Inventor”, Paper presented at the WIPO-NOTAP workshop on Developing a National Intellectual Property Strategy, organised by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) in cooperation with the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria [National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP)] at the Tanscorp Hilton, Abuja, August 28 and 29, 2006.
FRN (Federal Republic of Nigeria) “Federal Republic of Nigeria Public Service Rules”, Printed by Federal Government Printer, Abuja, 2008 Edition.
Gao, Z. M. “The most important things patent owners and inventors should know”, Available at 3Law Techlaw Services Website: www.3LAW.com (Accessed August 11, 2006).
Hauser, M. “Organisational culture and innovativeness of firms - an integrative view”, Int. J. Technology Management, Vol. 16, Nos. 1/2/3, 239-255, 1998.
Howells, J.; Nedeva, M. and Georghiou, L. Industry-Academic Links in the UK, PREST, University of Manchester, 1998.
Isoun Turner “Minister announces establishment of Technology Transfer Offices in 15 Universities’, NOTAP Newsletter, Vol. 2 No. 2, November, p 3, 2006.
Jones, A. and Lall, A. “A comparative record of technological capability in ASEAN countries”, Technovation, 18 (4) 263-274, 1998.
Khan, M. and Dernis H. “Global Overview of Innovative Activities from the Patent Indicators Perspective”, STI Working Paper 2006/3 Statistical Analysis of Science, Technology and Industry, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., 2006.
MacBryde, J. “Commercialisation of university technology: a case in robotics”, Technovation, 17 (1) 39-46, 1997.
Makanjuola, G. A. “The design, development and testing of a machine for preparing pounded yam and similar foods” Journal of Appropriate Technology, 1 (4) 9-10, 1975-76.
Millennium Project Report “Interim Report of Task Force 10 on Science, Technology and Innovation, February 1, 2004”. Millennium Project Report (2004). Available at http://www.unmillenniumproject.org (Accessed March 19, 2004).
Murashige, K. H. “Industrial policy and biotechnology – can intellectual property protection system catch-up? Int. J. Technology Management, Vol. 14, No. 5, 471-484, 1997.
NOTAP (National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion) “History” Available at: http://www.notap.gov.ng/content/history (Accessed July 15, 2010).
NUC (National Universities Commission) (2011) “List of Nigerian Universities and Years Founded”, Available at: http://www.nuc.edu.ng/pages/universities.asp?ty=1&order=inst_name (Accessed July 11, 2011).
NUP (Nigeria-UNESCO Project) Review of Nigeria’s Science, Technology and Innovation System, Consolidated Draft Report, Prepared by Bamiro, O. A.; Mikailu, A.S.; Obiaga, T. and Nyagba S. 2008.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Patents and Innovation in the International Context, Publication OCDE/GD(97)210, OECD, Paris, 1997.
--------- University Research in Transition, OECD, Paris, 1998a
--------- Science, Technology and Industry Outlook, OECD, Paris, 1998b.
Oyewale, A. A. “Addressing the Research-Industry Linkage Impasse in Nigeria: the Critical Issues and Implementation Strategies”. Paper presented at the Third International Globelics Conference, Orgainised by the Global Network for the Economics of Learning, Innovation and Competence (Globelics) held at the Tshwane University of Technology, Tshwane, South Africa, October 31 - November 4, 2005.
--------- “Pharmaceutical Research and Intellectual Property Rights”, Paper delivered at the Faculty Seminar, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, September 24, 2008.
--------- "The Nigeria National Innovation System: Issues on the Interactions of the Key Elements”, Monograph Series (No 1), National Centre for Technology Management (NACETEM), Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 2010.
Oyewale, A.A., Siyanbola, W.O., Dada A.D. and Sanni, M. ‘Understanding of Patent Issues among Nigeria’s Researchers: A Baseline Study’. Paper presented at the Fifth Annual Conference of the Global Network for the Economics of Learning, Innovation and Competence Building Systems (GLOBELICS) held in Saratov, Russia, September 19 - 23, 2007.
Papon, P. and Barré, R. “Science and technology systems: a global overview”, World Science Report, 8 - 22, 1996.
Reich, R.B. “The quiet path to technological pre-eminence”, Scientific American, 261: 4 41-47, 1989.
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) “United Nations Systems Support Science and Technology in Africa”, Geneva, 1994.
USDC (US Department of Commerce) “The Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986: The First Two Years, Report of the President to the Congress”, US Department of Commerce, 1989.
Wallmark, J.T. Inventions and patents at universities: the case of Chalmers University of Technology, Technovation, 17 (3) 127-139, 1997.
Wambebe, C. “NIPRISAN Case, Nigeria”. A Report for GenBenefit (2007), Available at: http://www.uclan.ac.uk/schools/school_of_health/research_projects/files/health_genbenefit_nigerian_case.pdf Accessed July 25, 2011.
White, R.S. and Liu, X. (1997) "The relative contributions of foreign technology and domestic inputs to innovation in Chinese manufacturing industries”, Technovation, 17 (3) 119-125, 1997.
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation) “The importance of technological information contained in patent documents for use in research and development activities; WIPO Information Services for Developing Countries”. Paper presented at the National Seminar on Commercialisation of Inventions and Research and Development Results, Abuja, November 25 - 27, 1997.
--------- “Guidelines on Developing Intellectual Property Policy for Universities and R&D Institutions in African Countries”, Publication No. 848(E), Geneva. Available at http://www.wipo.int
--------- “A Brochure on Intellectual Property Rights for Universities and R&D Institutions in African Countries”, Publication No. 849(E), Geneva. Available at http://www.wipo.int
--------- “Basic Facts about the Patent Cooperation Treaty”, Publication No. 433 (E), Geneva. Available at http://www.wipo.int 1999.
--------- “Best Practices NOTAP - Assisting SMEs to Make Effective Use of Patent Information: The NOTAP Case” Available at: http://www.wipo.int/sme/en/best_practices/notap.htm
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Published
2011-11-01
How to Cite
Oyewale, A., Ilori, M., & Sanni, S. (2011). Generation, Patenting And Exploitation Of Inventions In Selected Academic Disciplines In Nigeria. Ife Journal of Technology, 20(2), 11–16. Retrieved from https://ijt.ng/index.php/ijt/article/view/86
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